Nanda Nursing Diagnosis

Examination begins with inspection of the abdominal area is there any enlargement of the abdomen, stretch or bulge. Further palpation on the surface of the abdomen to assess the strength of the abdominal muscles. Palpation over the faecal mass can be felt in the colon, the presence of a tumor or aneurysm of the aorta. On percussion, among others sought excessive gas gathering, organ enlargement, asietes, or the presence of faecal mass. Auscultation, among others, to listen to the sound of bowel movements, normal or excessive intestinal example on the bridge. Examination of the anal region provide an important clue, for example, is there any hemorrhoids, prolapse, fissures, fistulas, and tumor mass in the anal area can interfere with the process of defecation. Digital rectal examination should be done, among others, to determine the size and condition of the rectum and the amount and consistency of stool. Digital rectal can provide information about: Rectal tone. Sphincter tone and stre

Nursing Care Plan for AMI with ST elevation (STEMI) Definition Acute myocardial infarction is the destruction of tissue due to inadequate blood supply so that coronary blood flow is reduced. (Brunner & Suddath, 2002) Acute myocardial infarction is the death of myocardial tissue caused by myocardial coronary blood damage, due to the inadequate blood flow. (Carpenito, 2000) Acute myocardial infarction is ischemia or necrosis of the heart muscle caused by decreased blood flow through one or more coronary arteries. (Doengos, 2000) Etiology According to Noer, 1999; 103 caused by a. Causal factors: 1. Oxygen supply to the heart is reduced due to: a. Vascular factors: Atherosclerosis, spasm, arteritis. b. Circulation Factor: hypotension, aortic stenosis, insufficiency. c. Blood factors: anemia, hypoxemia, polycythemia. 2 Cardiac output increased For example: Activity, emotional, eating too much, anemia, hyperthyroidism. 3. Increased myocardial oxygen demand at: Myocardial damage, myocardi

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that is progressive, meaning that the disease lasts a lifetime and is slowly getting worse from year to year. In the course of this disease are the phases of acute exacerbation. Various factors play a role in the course of the disease, among other risk factors are factors that cause or aggravate diseases such as smoking, air pollution, environmental pollution, infections, genetics and climate change. The degree of airway obstruction occurs, and the identification of components that allow for reversibility. Phase course of the disease outside the lung and other diseases such as sinusitis and chronic pharyngitis. That ultimately these factors make further deterioration occurs sooner. To undertake the management of COPD should be considered these factors, so that the better treatment of COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a broad classification of disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, e

1. Chest X-rays Chest X-rays are usually the first step for diagnosing pleural effusion, the results of which indicate the presence of fluid. Surface of the liquid contained in the pleural cavity will form a shadow-like curves, the lateral surface area is higher than the medial surface. When the horizontal surface of the lateral to medial sure the air contained in the cavity that can come from outside or inside the lung itself. Another thing that can be seen in the photograph chest, mediastinal pleural effusion is classified on the opposite side of the liquid. However, if there is atelectasis on the same side with the fluid, mediastinal will remain in place. 2. CT scan of the chest CT scan clearly depicts the lungs and fluid and can indicate the presence of pneumonia, lung abscess or tumor. 3. Ultrasound chest Ultrasound can help determine the location of the collection of small amounts of fluid, so that the discharge can be done. 4. Thoracocentesis Aspiration of pleural fluid is usefu

Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) is a serious disease of the pancreas with an intensity that can range from relatively mild disorders and self-limiting disease goes up quickly and fatal not react to various treatments. (Brunner, Sudarth, 2002, KMB) Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas characterized by destruction of the anatomical and functional progressive in the pancreas. Pathophysiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Consumption of alcohol is too long will result in the destruction of pancreatic cells and the formation of protein blockage. Destruction as a result of alcohol will result in injury to the pancreas are replaced with connective tissue. Formation of connective tissue will increase the pressure in the pancreas. Both the formation of connective tissue and blockage of protein will result in mechanical obstruction on pancreatic duct, choleductus, and duodenum. This condition would be aggravated by atrophy of ductal epithelium, inflammation as a result o

Nursing Care Plan for Tongue Cancer DEFINITION Tongue cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from epithelial tissue with the tongue-shaped mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (stratified squamous epithelial cells) and occur as a result of chronic stimulation, as well as some specific diseases (premalignant). This cancer can infiltrate into the surrounding area, in addition to doing it limfogen and hematogenous metastases. ETIOLOGY Some of the causes of malignant cancer of the tongue has been suspected, but by the experts has been no statement can be made explicitly. However, there is some suspicion that the malignant cancer of the tongue occurs because there is a relationship with some specific disorders or certain diseases. Several studies have found that the disease syphilis, both in the case of active or at least had no previous history of syphilis, often found together with a malignant cancer of the tongue. Martin reported that 33% of patients suffering from malignant cancer of the ton

Gigantism is a condition of a person that excess growth, with great height and above normal. Gigantism is caused by excessive amounts of growth hormone. There are no high definition refer as "giants." adult height. Gigantism is a condition of a person that excess growth, with a large height above normal and is caused by the secretion of growth hormone (GH) excessive and occurs before adulthood or before epiphyseal closure process. (Corwin, 2007) Growth hormone is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary which works to increase the growth and metabolism in target cells. Hormone target cells are located in almost all parts of the body. Growth hormone also plays a role in synthesizing somatomedin the liver, to stimulate the epiphyseal growth plate. Metabolic impact of GH is the mobilization of free fatty acids in adipose tissue and muscle glucose metabolism barriers and in adipose tissue. Pituitary gigantism often occurs as a result of excessive GH secretion due to the onset

Nursing Care Plan for Biliary Atresia Biliary atresia is a serious disease which occurs in one in 10,000 children and is more common in girls than boys and in newborns of Asian and African-American than in Caucasian newborns. The cause of biliary atresia is unknown, and treatment is only partially successful. Biliary atresia occurs due to prolonged inflammatory process that causes progressive damage to the extrahepatic biliary duct, causing bile flow resistance. Thus, biliary atresia is the absence or small lumen in part or all of extrahepatic biliary tract that causes bile flow resistance. As a result, the blood in the liver and bile salt buildup and increased direct bilirubin. Biliary atresia is an inhibition in the pipes / ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder to. It is a congenital condition, which means that at birth. The etiology of biliary atresia is not known with certainty. Some experts claim that genetic factors play a role, which is associated with a chromo

Urethral stricture is more common in men than women, especially because of the difference in length of the urethra. (C. Long, Barbara; 1996 case 338) Urethral stricture causing disturbances in micturition, urinary flow ranging from shrinking until completely unable to drain urine out of the body. Urine can not get out of the body can lead to many complications, with the heaviest complication is kidney failure. Urethral stricture may occur: 1. Congenital Urethral stricture may occur separately or in conjunction with other urinary tract anomalies. 2. Learned. Urethral injury (due to the insertion of surgical equipment for transuretral surgery, indwelling catheters, or cystoscopy procedure). Injuries due to stretching. Injuries due to accidents. Urethritis gonorheal untreated. Muscle spasm. External pressure eg tumor growth. (C. Smeltzer, Suzanne;2002 hal 1468 dan C. Long , Barbara;1996 hal 338) 3. Postoperative Some operations on the urinary tract can cause urethral strictures, such as

Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome of chest pain due to transient myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia is a condition where the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen, but has not suffered damage and is reversible, which is the diagnostic tool ECG showed ST depression or T inversion. Based on clinical symptoms, Angina pectoris divided into two stable angina pectoris and unstable angina pectoris. Stable angina pectoris is a chest pain incident lasted no more than 15 minutes, the originators is a physical activity or trigger factors such as stress. Chest pain can be relieved by rest or medication (sublingual nitroglycerin). Unstable angina pectoris is chest pain incident lasted more than 15 minutes with intensity and increasing frequency whenever recurrence. Lighter trigger factors, can occur at rest. Were classified as unstable angina pectoris that patients with angina in the last 2 months felt increasingly burdensome with frequency quite often (can occur 3 times a day), patients wi