Nanda Nursing Diagnosis

Clinical signs and symptoms that occur in patients with bronchitis depends on the extent and severity of the disease, disorder location, and whether there is a further complication. Characteristics of the disease is the presence of chronic cough with sputum production, there hemoptoe and recurrent pneumonia. Clinical signs and symptoms can be so severe in severe disease, and can not be real or no symptoms in mild disease (Irma Somantri, 2012). 1. Cough Cough in bronchitis is characterized, among others; chronic productive cough and a similar frequency as in chronic bronchitis, sputum amount varies, generally numerous, especially in the morning after sleeping position changes or wake up from sleep. If there is no secondary infection, sputum mucoid, while in case of secondary infection, purulent sputum, may give bad odor. In case of secondary infection by anaerobic bacteria, will cause extremely smelling sputum, in severe cases already, for example in the saccular type of bronchitis, spu...

Pericarditis Definition Pericarditis is inflammation of the visceral and parietal pericardium with or without the onset of fluid in the pericardial space that is a transudate or exudate or serosanguinous or purulent and is caused by a variety of causes. Signs and Symptoms Pain, dry cough, fever, fatigue, anxiety, pulsus paradoxus, jugular vein distention, CRT down, impaired mental status, increased creatinine, increased cardiac markers, cardiac markers rise, ST segment elevation, PR segment depression except aVR. Manifestations of constrictive pericarditis varies depending on the weight, distribution, and speed the scar. The signs of constrictive pericarditis in the order, namely dyspnea, peripheral edema, abdominal enlargement, abdominal disorders, fatigue, orthopnea, palpitations, cough, nausea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Most patients (60%) complained of chest pain. In accordance with the amount of fluid that collects in the pericardial space, it can cause hemodynamic disturb...

Urethritis, Cystitis, and Acute Pyelonephritis Acute pyelonephritis usually results from ascending bladder infection. Acute pyelonephritis can also occur through hematogenous infection. Infection can occur in one or both kidneys. Chronic pyelonephritis may occur due to repeated infections, and are usually found in individuals who develop stones, obstruction, or vesicoureteric reflux. Cystitis (bladder inflammation) are most commonly caused by the spread of infection from the urethra. This can be caused by the backflow of urine from the urethra into the bladder (reflux urtrovesikal), fecal contamination, the use of catheters. Urethritis an inflammation usually is an infection that spreads up to be classified as general or mongonoreal. Gonococcal urethritis caused by niesseria gonorhoeae and is transmitted through sexual contact. Nongonoreal urethritis; urethritis is not related to niesseria gonorhoeae usually caused by chlamydia urelytikum frakomatik or plasma urea. Pyelonephritis (u...