NCP Bipolar Disorders

DSM-IV 296.xx Bipolar I disorder 296.0x Single manic episode 296.40 Most recent episode hypomanic 296.4x Most recent episode manic 296.6x Most recent episode mixed 296.7 Most recent episode unspecified 296.5x Most recent episode depressed 296.89 Bipolar II disorder (recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomania) 301.13 Cyclothymic disorder 296.80 Bipolar disorder NOS Bipolar

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Nursing Care Plan for Dehydration

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Dehydration Definition Dehydration is a condition in which a person who is not fasting experiencing or at risk of dehydration vascular, interstitial or intra-vascular (Sell Lynda Carpenito, 2000: 139). Classification Classification of dehydration by Donna D. Ignatavicus there are 3 types: a. Isotonic dehydration Isotonic dehydration is lost water followed by the electrolyte so that the density remained normal, then this type of dehydration is usually not result in ECF fluid move to the ICF. b. Hypotonic dehydration Hypotonic dehydration is the loss of solvent from the ECF exceeds fluid loss, resulting in blood vessels become more concentrated. ECF osmotic pressure decreases, resulting in fluid moves from the ECF to ICF. Vascular volume also decreased, as well as cell swelling occurs. c. Hypertonic dehydration Hypertonic dehydration is ECF fluid loss exceeds the solvent is non-osmotic dehydration ECF decreased, resulting in fluid moves from ICF to ECF. Etiology Various causes dehydratio...
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Nursing Management for Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease (ESRD) is a progressive disorder of renal function and the irreversible failure where the body's ability to maintain metabolism and fluid and electrolyte balance, causing uremia (retention of urea and other nitrogen garbage in the blood). (Brunner & Suddarth, 2001; 1448) Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease Clinical manifestations according Suyono (2001) is as follows: a. Cardiovascular disorders Hypertension, chest pain, and shortness of breath due to pericarditis, pericardial effusion and heart failure due to fluid retention, heart rhythm disturbances and edema. b. Pulmonary disorders Shallow breathing, Kussmaul breathing, cough with thick sputum and ripples, the sound crackles. c. Gastrointestinal disorders Anorexia, nausea, and fomitus associated with protein metabolism in the intestine, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, ulceration and bleeding mouth, ammonia breath odor. d. Musculoskeletal disorders Restless leg...
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Nursing Care Plan for Urethral Stricture

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Definition of Urethral Stricture A urethral stricture is a narrowing of a section of the urethra. It causes a blocked or reduced flow of urine which can lead to complications. Symptoms and signs Symptoms of urethral stricture is a typical small stream of urine and branched irritation and other symptoms of infection such as frequency, urgency, dysuria, sometimes with infiltrates, abces and fistula. Symptoms are retained urine. Physical Examination Anamnese To find the absence of symptoms and signs of urethral stricture also to look for causes of urethral stricture. General and local examination To check on the patient also to change in urethral fibrosis, infiltrates, abscesses or fistulas. Examination Support Laboratory: urea, creatinine, to see the renal physiology. Radiological Diagnosis must be made with urethrography. Retrograde urethrography to see the anterior urethra. Antegrade urethrography to see the posterior urethra. Bipoler urethrography is a combination of antegrade...
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